Grammar

Verb (dictionary form) + ところ → “just about to do [verb]” So: - 帰るところ = about to go home - 食べるところ = about to eat - 寝るとこ ...

This is the basic form of a verb, as given in the dictionary. The method by which the dictionary form is created from th ...

When making a noun in the expression N を V (i.e. a noun that is the direct object of a verb) into the topic of a sentenc ...

Verbs like あげます, かします and おしえます indicate imparting things or information, so they must be used with a noun saying to who ...

Verbs like もらいます, かります and ならいます indicate receiving things or information, so they are used with a noun indicating the p ...

When the noun N1 represents a direction or a position, e.g. うえ, した, まえ, うしろ, みぎ, ひだり, なか, そと, となり, ちかく or あいだ, it shows ...

1. から indicates a starting time or place, and まで indicates a finishing time or place. 2. から and まで are not always used t ...

The particle と connects two nouns in coordinate relation.

When a noun N1 modifies a following noun N2, の is used to connect the two nouns. In Lesson 1, N1 represents an organisat ...

When N1 is the name of a country and N2 is the name of a product, it means that N2 is made in that country. When N1 is t ...

It was explained in Lesson 1 that の is used to connect two nouns N1 and N2 when N1 modifies N2. The present lesson expla ...

じゃ（では）ありません is the negative form of です. じゃ ありません is often used in everyday conversation, while では ありません is used in forma ...

### Particle は The particle は indicates that the noun before it (N1) is the topic of the sentence. The speaker forms a ...

#### Particle か The particle か is used to express uncertainty, doubt, etc. on the part of the speaker. A question can b ...

Place に N が あります／います as its topic and talks about its existence. The noun is positioned at the head of the sentence and ...

どんな modifies a noun and is an interrogative used for inquiring about the state or nature of a person, thing, etc.

The particle と is used to connect nouns in coordinate relation when enumerating a list of nouns. In contrast to this, t ...

When talking about doing something with a person or an animal, the person or animal is marked with the particle と. If d ...

When added after a noun denoting a place, the particle で indicates the occurrence of an action in that place.

When a verb indicates movement to a certain place, the particle へ is put after the place noun to show the direction of t ...

The particle に is appended to a noun indicating time to indicate the time of occurrence of an action.

The particle で indicates a method or means used for an action.

The particle で indicates a means or method. The speaker attaches it after a noun representing a vehicle and uses it toge ...

あります and います indicate the existence of a thing, person, etc. Since a sentence using these simply tells the listener that ...

Can do...... できます is a verb that indicates that a person has the ability to do something or that some behavior is possi ...

から indicates a starting time or place.

......before...... Noun の is added after the noun. Nouns expressing motion can be used.

Using this sentence pattern, you can state where a place, thing or person is.

## Adjectives Adjective sentences that are non-past and affirmative end in です, which shows politeness toward the listen ...

「も」 is used when the same thing applies as was stated previously.