Meanings

savage

cold wind blowing at Lake Biwa around the 24th day of the second month of the lunisolar calendar

roughness

unprocessed stone

to roughen (e.g. one's attitude)

to breathe heavily

rough hands

grave-robbing

protecting the skin from becoming rough

dilapidated temple

bulk cargo

cold desert

flax-leaf fleabane (Conyza bonariensis)

aracha

violent tide

challenging members of a dojo to a fight and demanding money upon winning

to make trouble

clay, straw, etc. mix used for rough undercoat of wall

working one's employees hard

manly poetic style (e.g. in the Man'yōshū)