Meanings

each locality

Tosa (former province located in present-day Kochi Prefecture)

Japan proper (sometimes excluding the Ryukyu islands and other remote islands)

mainland dialects (of Japanese, as opposed to the Ryukyu languages)

hard-packed dirt (clay, gravel, etc.) floor

National Land Survey Act

cadastral map of Japan (first published in 1892)

fallen trees (esp. cryptomeria on Yakushima)

red soil aggregate

soil erosion

decisive mainland battle (land battle envisioned late in World War II)

midsummer day of the ox (traditionally marked by eating eel)

day of the ox in midsummer (during the hottest season)

souvenir shop

burial mound

sediment-related disaster risk area

souvenir shop

Tosa school of Japanese painting (Muromachi-late Edo period)

Land Readjustment Act

landowner