Meanings

income certificate

vidya (wisdom)

payslip

payslip

attested copy

it's always darkest before the dawn

trial by ordeal

fact-finding committee

Ming and Qing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war)

Ming-era Chinese music (popularized in Japan during the early 17th century)

payslip

epi-illumination

Yangmingism (school of neo-Confucianism based on the teachings of Wang Yangming)

Mantra of Light

Happy New Year

history of civilization

Meiji 27-28 Campaign (alternate name for the First Sino-Japanese war; 1894-1895)

Meiji Constitution

bank certificate

Atavaka (guardian deity)